Introduction
Acute vibration stimulation enhances skeletal muscle activity and strength performance (Issurin & Tenenbaum, 1989; Bosco et al., 1999; Mileva et al., 2006). Vibration stimulation has also been applied to the respiratory musculature with demonstrable increases in respiratory activity in rabbits (Jammes et al., 2000), reduced breathlessness at rest in healthy humans (Edo et al., 1998), and reduced breathlessness during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (Fujie et al., 2002).
We therefore investigated whether a vibration stimulus applied through air as it passes into the airways elicits increments of maximal breathing performance.
Methods
We recruited 12 healthy subjects (8 female, 4 male; 22-50 years old) from the University and they completed 3 maximal inspirations followed by 10 inspirations against a vibration stimulus (VIB; youbreathe, Exoscience Ltd., London, UK), an inspiratory resistive-load training device (RES) or resting breathing (CON; no load). 3 forced inspirations were repeated and compared to pre-training for maximal breathing power.
Results
Maximal breathing power was significantly greater (15%) after 10 breaths of vibrated resistance (VIB) when compared to PRE (VIB) and POST control (CON) and POST resistive-loading training device (RES). There was no effect of either resistance or control breathing on maximal breathing power.
Discussion
10 breaths of vibration lead to increased maximal breathing power suggesting that applying a vibration stimulus increases the voluntary force generating capacity of the inspiratory muscles, in a similar manner observed when vibration is applied to other skeletal muscles (Mileva et al., 2006).
The mechanisms underlying the changes in maximal breathing power require further study, however mechanisms such as shifts in neuromuscular recruitment via increases in stretch reflex sensitivity may have a role (Cardinale, 2003). This would enhance recruitment of higher-threshold motor units and the activation of previously inactive motor units. Confirmation of the mechanisms involved will require the acquisition of respiratory muscle EMG, transcranial magnetic stimulation and testing of peripheral reflexes.
Thus, vibration leads to an increased maximal breathing power suggesting there is an increase in neural inspiratory drive possibly via upregulation of the respiratory motoneurones.
Showing posts with label equipment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label equipment. Show all posts
Tuesday, 4 December 2007
Tuesday, 9 October 2007
Respiratory muscle training
Respiratory Vibration Training
We have just had a research paper accepted this week, so everyone is on a bit of a high. The paper basically shows how youbreathe can increase respiratory muscle performance by 15% after just 10 breaths.
Here I have also included another article I have written about respiratory muscle training. Enjoy.
Respiratory Muscle Training
Research into respiratory muscle training has been ongoing since the 1970’s. However, results are conflicting most likely due to the different forms of training such as pressure-threshold training, voluntary hyperventilation and hypercapnic (increased CO2) hyperventilation; and the variety of outcome measures used……. These conflicting results have led to confusion as to whether there is any benefit to exercise performance from respiratory muscle training. There are now many devices on the market all promising to reduce your marathon time or increase your feelings of comfort during exercise such as Powerlung, Powerbreathe and Expand-a-lung. However, with technological advances and our increased scientific understanding, the current consensus of opinion is that respiratory muscle training does indeed help with exercise performance in healthy and clinical populations.
The mechanism of this effect seems to be two-fold :
1. An altered perception of breathing effort and exercise load, meaning that the exercise feels easier, this psychological effect shouldn’t be underestimated in fatiguing exercise!
2. A delayed metaboreflex, meaning that blood is not diverted from the skeletal to the respiratory muscles until higher exercise intesnities, allowing exercise at higher intensities to be maintained for longer (Romer & Dempsey, 2006).
Taken together these effects can be as large as a 4% increase in a 40Km cycling time-trial performance, which is substantial.
It has been demonstrated that acute (within 1 training session) vibration stimulation of exercising skeletal muscle enhances skeletal muscle activity and strength performance after 1 session (Mileva et al., 2006) and chronic training with superimposed vibration has been shown to increase strength up to 300% more than conventional strength training (Issurin et al., 1994). Vibration has also been applied to the respiratory musculature with demonstrable increases in respiratory nerve activity, reduced breathlessness in healthy humans and reduced breathlessness during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD; Fujie et al., 2002).
Until recently vibration had never been applied to a training device for the respiratory system, so we developed youbreathe, a hand-held device that applies rapid airway occlusions simulating vibration effects on the respiratory system. Preliminary results show that 10 breaths through youbreathe acutely augment breathing power by around 15%, compared to no augmentation after 10 breaths of breathing against matched resistance. These studies are under peer review currently and further work examining the long term training affect of continued use is under way.
Collaborations are also under way with clinical partners to assess the efficacy of youbreathe in complementing respiratory physiotherapy with youbreathe in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. We are testing the hypothesis that the percussive effects of youbreathe may facilitate the removal of mucus leading to improved respiratory function in these patients.
In summary, research into respiratory muscle training is now gaining real credibility, but we are still at the dawn of our understanding of vibration training. Many issue remain to be resolved such as the mechanism of action and appropriate vibration prescription for desired effects. The potential benefits of respiratory vibration have not yet been fully explored, however this new intervention offers exciting potential to scientists, athletes and patients alike. For more information on youbreathe please visit http://www.youbreathe.com/.
Click here for a deeper discussion of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training for coaches and athletes.
Click here for a discussion of breathing training in the tour de france.
Also click here for an excellent review of respiratory muscle training in COPD patients.
We have just had a research paper accepted this week, so everyone is on a bit of a high. The paper basically shows how youbreathe can increase respiratory muscle performance by 15% after just 10 breaths.
Here I have also included another article I have written about respiratory muscle training. Enjoy.
Respiratory Muscle Training
Research into respiratory muscle training has been ongoing since the 1970’s. However, results are conflicting most likely due to the different forms of training such as pressure-threshold training, voluntary hyperventilation and hypercapnic (increased CO2) hyperventilation; and the variety of outcome measures used……. These conflicting results have led to confusion as to whether there is any benefit to exercise performance from respiratory muscle training. There are now many devices on the market all promising to reduce your marathon time or increase your feelings of comfort during exercise such as Powerlung, Powerbreathe and Expand-a-lung. However, with technological advances and our increased scientific understanding, the current consensus of opinion is that respiratory muscle training does indeed help with exercise performance in healthy and clinical populations.
The mechanism of this effect seems to be two-fold :
1. An altered perception of breathing effort and exercise load, meaning that the exercise feels easier, this psychological effect shouldn’t be underestimated in fatiguing exercise!
2. A delayed metaboreflex, meaning that blood is not diverted from the skeletal to the respiratory muscles until higher exercise intesnities, allowing exercise at higher intensities to be maintained for longer (Romer & Dempsey, 2006).
Taken together these effects can be as large as a 4% increase in a 40Km cycling time-trial performance, which is substantial.
It has been demonstrated that acute (within 1 training session) vibration stimulation of exercising skeletal muscle enhances skeletal muscle activity and strength performance after 1 session (Mileva et al., 2006) and chronic training with superimposed vibration has been shown to increase strength up to 300% more than conventional strength training (Issurin et al., 1994). Vibration has also been applied to the respiratory musculature with demonstrable increases in respiratory nerve activity, reduced breathlessness in healthy humans and reduced breathlessness during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD; Fujie et al., 2002).
Until recently vibration had never been applied to a training device for the respiratory system, so we developed youbreathe, a hand-held device that applies rapid airway occlusions simulating vibration effects on the respiratory system. Preliminary results show that 10 breaths through youbreathe acutely augment breathing power by around 15%, compared to no augmentation after 10 breaths of breathing against matched resistance. These studies are under peer review currently and further work examining the long term training affect of continued use is under way.
Collaborations are also under way with clinical partners to assess the efficacy of youbreathe in complementing respiratory physiotherapy with youbreathe in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. We are testing the hypothesis that the percussive effects of youbreathe may facilitate the removal of mucus leading to improved respiratory function in these patients.
In summary, research into respiratory muscle training is now gaining real credibility, but we are still at the dawn of our understanding of vibration training. Many issue remain to be resolved such as the mechanism of action and appropriate vibration prescription for desired effects. The potential benefits of respiratory vibration have not yet been fully explored, however this new intervention offers exciting potential to scientists, athletes and patients alike. For more information on youbreathe please visit http://www.youbreathe.com/.
Click here for a deeper discussion of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training for coaches and athletes.
Click here for a discussion of breathing training in the tour de france.
Also click here for an excellent review of respiratory muscle training in COPD patients.
Sunday, 2 September 2007
Vibration training support
Hi,
This week I have been continuing my work into the effects of youbreathe on respiratory strength and power, the results are looking ever more exciting with gains of about 15% after just 10 breaths of youbreathe use vs no increase with 10 breaths of resistance. We will be continuing these studies and I will update you when they are finished.
Also we are continuing our research into how youbreathe can be applied to respiratory therapy in conditions such as cystic fibrosis or any condition where excess mucus is a problem. Because youbreathe provides pulses to the respiratory system we believe that it can be used to release excess mucus that would normally require chest physiotherapy. When we start getting the full results through I will keep you updated.
Another thing more generally I would like to talk about is to talk about personal trainers. Lots of personal trainers are now jumping on the vibration training bandwagon before we have a full understanding of the effects of vibration training on performance. But I recommend if you want to include vibration training in your training programme, you sould find someone who knows their stuff. There are still no independent qualifications for personal trainers to take, so I would advise contacting a University who research vibration training such as the Human Performance Centre at London South Bank University or a personal training company like Home Health Fitness (http://www.homehealthfitness.com) who are all University graduates and are applying vibration training in a controlled manner supported by University Research.
This week I have been continuing my work into the effects of youbreathe on respiratory strength and power, the results are looking ever more exciting with gains of about 15% after just 10 breaths of youbreathe use vs no increase with 10 breaths of resistance. We will be continuing these studies and I will update you when they are finished.
Also we are continuing our research into how youbreathe can be applied to respiratory therapy in conditions such as cystic fibrosis or any condition where excess mucus is a problem. Because youbreathe provides pulses to the respiratory system we believe that it can be used to release excess mucus that would normally require chest physiotherapy. When we start getting the full results through I will keep you updated.
Another thing more generally I would like to talk about is to talk about personal trainers. Lots of personal trainers are now jumping on the vibration training bandwagon before we have a full understanding of the effects of vibration training on performance. But I recommend if you want to include vibration training in your training programme, you sould find someone who knows their stuff. There are still no independent qualifications for personal trainers to take, so I would advise contacting a University who research vibration training such as the Human Performance Centre at London South Bank University or a personal training company like Home Health Fitness (http://www.homehealthfitness.com) who are all University graduates and are applying vibration training in a controlled manner supported by University Research.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)